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Networks can be categorized in several different ways. One approach defines the type of network according to the geographic area it spans. Local area networks (LANs), for example, typically reach across a single home, whereas wide area networks (WANs), reach across cities, states, or even across the world. The Internet is the world's largest public WAN.
Computer networks also differ in their design. The two types of high-level network design are called client-server and peer-to-peer. Client-server networks feature centralized server computers that store email, Web pages, files and or applications. On a peer-to-peer network, conversely, all computers tend to support the same functions. Client-server networks are much more common in business and peer-to-peer networks much more common in homes.
A network topology represents its layout or structure from the point of view of data flow. In so-called bus networks, for example, all of the computers share and communicate across one common conduit, whereas in a star network, all data flows through one centralized device. Common types of network topologies include bus, star, ring and mesh.
The motherboard is the "heart" of the computer, through which all other components interface.
Web design is a process of conceptualization, planning, modeling, and execution of electronic media content delivery via Internet in the form of technologies (such as markup languages) suitable for interpretation and display by a web browser or other web-based graphical user interfaces (GUIs).
The intent of web design is to create a web site (a collection of electronic files residing on one or more web servers) that presents content (including interactive features or interfaces) to the end user in the form of web pages once requested. Such elements as text, forms, and bit-mapped images (GIFs, JPEGs, PNGs) can be placed on the page using HTML, XHTML, or XML tags. Displaying more complex media (vector graphics, animations, videos, sounds) requires plug-ins such as Flash, QuickTime, Java run-time environment, etc. Plug-ins are also embedded into web pages by using HTML or XHTML tags.
Improvements in the various browsers' compliance with W3C standards prompted a widespread acceptance of XHTML and XML in conjunction with Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) to position and manipulate web page elements. The latest standards and proposals aim at leading to the various browsers' ability to deliver a wide variety of media and accessibility options to the client possibly without employing plug-ins.
Flash is a tool for creating interactive and animated Web sites! In our Flash tutorial you will learn how to start using Flash in your applications.
Before you continue you should have a basic understanding of the following:
Animated images and Java applets are often used to create dynamic effects on Web pages.
The advantages of Flash are:
SOAP is a simple XML-based protocol to let applications exchange information over HTTP.
In our SOAP tutorial, you will learn what SOAP is, and how it uses XML to exchange information between applications.
SOAP is a simple XML based protocol to let applications exchange information over HTTP.
Or more simply: SOAP is a protocol for accessing a Web Service.
Before you study SOAP you should have a basic understanding of XML and XML Namespaces.
How-to-build-websites.com is designed for total beginners and people who use programs like Dreamweaver, FrontPage, or other wysiwyg programs (wysiwyg stands for: "What You See Is What You Get") and now want to learn what's going on 'behind the scenes'.
To really understand web design, you need to learn HTML hand-coding; it's easier than you think!
Tools like Dreamweaver are great, especially if you are building old-style web sites based on tables, sliced images, et cetera. But if you want to be able to build what I call 4th generation websites, then these tools will get in the way of you learning and will actually slow you down!
Learning to build your web sites using HTML will give you far better control over the process and ultimately your web sites. You will have a far deeper understanding of the web, and as a result you will create better web sites quicker - much quicker.
In our ADO tutorial you will learn about ADO, and how to use ADO to access databases from your Web.
Before you continue you should have a basic understanding of the following:
The common way to access a database from inside an ASP page is to:
SQL is a standard computer language for accessing and manipulating databases.
In this tutorial you will learn how to use SQL to access and manipulate data in Oracle, Sybase, SQL Server, DB2, Access, and other database systems.
SQL is an ANSI (American National Standards Institute) standard computer language for accessing and manipulating database systems. SQL statements are used to retrieve and update data in a database. SQL works with database programs like MS Access, DB2, Informix, MS SQL Server, Oracle, Sybase, etc.
Unfortunately, there are many different versions of the SQL language, but to be in compliance with the ANSI standard, they must support the same major keywords in a similar manner (such as SELECT, UPDATE, DELETE, INSERT, WHERE, and others).
For more Visit: http://w3schools.com/sql
In this tutorial you will learn about .NET Mobile.
This tutorial is about how to develop mobile applications with an extension to the .NET Framework, called the Microsoft Mobile Internet Toolkit (MMIT) or simply .NET Mobile.
Cell phones (mobile telephones) have become part of our life style.
One exciting thing about mobile devices is their ability to connect to the Internet and to execute web applications.
Mobile applications can now be developed to deliver any types of data, to any user, any place in the world!
Different mobile devices support different programming languages. Some support WAP and WML, some support HTML or a limited version of HTML, and some support both or a different language.
To support all types of mobile devices, developers must create one different application for each language.
With .NET Mobile, Microsoft has introduced a new platform for developing mobile applications.
This tutorial is about how to develop applications with an extension to the .NET Framework, called the Microsoft Mobile Internet Toolkit (MMIT) or simply .NET Mobile.
What You Should Already KnowBefore you continue you should have a basic understanding of the following:
.NET Mobile is an extension to Microsoft ASP.NET and the Microsoft's .NET Framework.
.NET Mobile is a set of server-side Forms Controls to build applications for wireless mobile devices.
These controls produce different output for different devices by generating WML, HTML, or compact HTML.
XML stands for Extensible Markup Language.
XML was designed to transport and store data.
In this tutorial you will learn about XML, and the difference between XML and HTML.
XML is important to know, and very easy to learn.
Before you continue you should have a basic understanding of the following:
XML is not a replacement for HTML.
XML and HTML were designed with different goals:
XML was designed to transport and store data, with focus on what data is.
HTML was designed to display data, with focus on how data looks.
HTML is about displaying information, while XML is about carrying information.
XHTML is a stricter and cleaner version of HTML.
In this tutorial you will learn the difference between HTML and XHTML. We will also show you how this Web site was converted to XHTML.
Before you continue you should have a basic understanding of the following:
XHTML 1.0 became a W3C Recommendation January 26, 2000.
W3C defines XHTML as the latest version of HTML. XHTML will gradually replace HTML.
PHP is a powerful server-side scripting language for creating dynamic and interactive websites.
PHP is the widely-used, free, and efficient alternative to competitors such as Microsoft's ASP. PHP is perfectly suited for Web development and can be embedded directly into the HTML code.
The PHP syntax is very similar to Perl and C. PHP is often used together with Apache (web server) on various operating systems. It also supports ISAPI and can be used with Microsoft's IIS on Windows.
Before you continue you should have a basic understanding of the following:
Before you continue you should have a basic understanding of the following:
AJAX is not a new programming language, but a technique for creating better, faster, and more interactive web applications.
With AJAX, your JavaScript can communicate directly with the server, using the JavaScript XMLHttpRequest object. With this object, your JavaScript can trade data with a web server, without reloading the page.
AJAX uses asynchronous data transfer (HTTP requests) between the browser and the web server, allowing web pages to request small bits of information from the server instead of whole pages.
The AJAX technique makes Internet applications smaller, faster and more user-friendly.
AJAX is a browser technology independent of web server software.
AJAX is based on the following web standards:
The web standards used in AJAX are well defined, and supported by all major browsers. AJAX applications are browser and platform independent.
for more visit : http://www.w3schools.com/ajax
Bharti Airtel and Reliance Communications are two companies which are all set to enter the Indian Direct to Home market by launching their services.
They would take on the existing players in the segment including Zee Dish TV and Tata Sky DTH.
However, one interested aspect of their upcoming services is that both Reliance and Airtel are planning to offer satellite-based broadband internet services along with regular DTH services.
Bharti Airtel president, broadband and telephone services, Atul Bindal spoke about their plans: “Satellite internet is a North American model. There are a lot of areas where Bharti would possibly never lay copper cable as it does not make economic sense. In these areas, Bharti will look at a offering broadband through Wi-Max or through DTH.”
Reliance in addition to internet services is also considering offering other services like video on demand to attract more customers to their upcoming BlueMagic service.
Big TV Ltd, a fully owned subsidiary of Anil Ambani-led Reliance Communications (RCOM), will launch direct-to-home (DTH) services commercially by the end of this month. Budget 2008-09.It expects to offer DTH services to over 10 million subscribers across the country and feed to over 15 million households.
Big TV will offer set-top boxes (STBs) at Rs 1,000-Rs 1,500, along with a monthly subscription package of Rs 300, which will entitle them to watch the channels being aired; it will also provide subscribers Rs 100 worth pay-per view (PPV) movies. They will have access to 30 PPV channels showing Bollywood, Hollywood and regional films.
Sumit Chowdhury, CIO, Reliance Communications, said: "The DTH service will commercially launch before the end of March."He declined to give the number of channels and other details but sources said that Big TV will offer around 100 channels initially. Later, the company is expected to increase the number of channels to 300.
Industry sources said the launch is likely only in May 2008 as the hardware is not yet ready, and the company will prefer the launch after school vacation commences on May 2008 though it was not independently confirmed.Meanwhile, Chowdhury said Wimax technology isn't cost-effective at present due to spectrum shortage. Nationwide launch of Wimax services will depend on the availability of more spectrum, he said.
At present, the DTH market is dominated by two private players — Essel group's Dish TV and TataSky, which is a joint venture between the Tatas and Rupert Murdoch's Star Group.Dish TV, the first DTH player in the country, has around 3 million subscribers, while TataSky has over 1.7 million. Apart from these, Bharti group and Sun TV will also launch DTH in by year-end. According to an estimate, the DTH reach in India is likely to expand from 2.5 million households now to 16 million by 2010.
Unlike cable, DTH is a more organised and a less-regulated business. With heavyweights foraying into the space, the DTH segment is set to outpace digital cable in the near term and become a 14 million home market by fiscal 2010.
At the heart of Java 2 Micro Edition (J2ME) are three core concepts: configurations, profiles, and optional packages. You can't write a J2ME application without understanding these concepts, because they determine the features of Java that you can use, which application programming interfaces (APIs) are available, and how your applications are packaged.
A configuration is a complete Java runtime environment, consisting of three things:
What is J2ME? Cut away the hype and the excess fat and you are left with yet another (set of) Java APIs. Since these APIs cannot run on a traditional Java Virtual Machine (JVM), due to the limited size of mobile devices in regards to memory and resource availability, J2ME defines a limited version of the JVM as well. In a nutshell:
J2ME combines a resource constrained JVM and a set of Java APIs for developing applications for mobile devices.
Do you, as a developer, have to install this JVM and the APIs on mobile devices? No. Device manufacturers install and prepackage their devices with this JVM (and associated APIs). As a developer, you only need to develop applications targeting these devices and install them. Easier said than done!
J2ME can be divided into three parts, as shown in Figure 1: a configuration, a profile, and optional packages. A configuration contains the JVM (not the traditional JVM, but the cut-down version) and some class libraries; a profile builds on top of these base class libraries by providing a useful set of APIs; and optional packages, are well, an optional set of APIs that you may or may not use when creating your applications. Optional packages are traditionally not packaged by the device manufacturers, and you have to package and distribute them with your application. The configuration and profile are supplied by the device manufacturers and they embedded them in the devices.
In early 2007, Visual Studio celebrated its tenth anniversary. With the release of Visual Studio 2008, let’s take a moment to reflect on the product's evolution.
The first release of Visual Studio in 1997 featured separate IDEs (that required their own installation) for Visual C++, Visual Basic, J++, and a tool known as InterDev. Visual Studio 6.0 was a dramatic improvement that marked the birth of Visual Basic 6 and embodied the idea of a set of unified services across all languages.
With Visual Studio .NET 2002 and Visual Studio .NET 2003, this vision was realized with the .NET Framework. For the first time an individual developer could write an application in the language of their choosing while taking advantage of a common set of tools including designers, drag and drop controls, and IntelliSense. Along with the increase of individual developer productivity was an increase in the size and complexity of development projects and teams.
Visual Studio 2005 was born to help developers in teams of any size increase collaboration and reduce development complexity. With each progressive release, Microsoft has reaffirmed its commitment to empowering the developer by creating a dialogue with the community to help incorporate feedback and improve the product. Visual Studio 2008 is no exception. Visual Studio 2008 delivers on the commitment to make every software project successful on the Microsoft platform.
for more go to http://msdn2.microsoft.com
Reliance wimax in
The last thing I heard about Reliance wimax was from a friend in
I have always liked the idea of wimax from the very begining as it is wireless and a local powercut wont make any difference if youv got power backup for your pc or laptop which would run for a couple of hours on batteries anyway.. you will not get any disconnections.
This reliance wimax broadband is only available at
If you have anythng to add to this please leave a reply so we can all share anything and everything we know about reliance wimax and especially those who are using wimax at
For those of you happy to wait, sit tight because SP1 will start downloading to PCs automatically beginning in mid-April (remember, this happens only if you have your Windows Update configured to automatically download updates and SP1 will automatically download but not automatically install). But if you want to get the benefit of a year's worth of improvements right now, go check Windows Update today (hit the Start Menu, All Programs, and select Windows Update).
For more information logon to http://windowsvistablog.com
By the early 1990s, it was clear that the change to a classless network introduced a decade earlier was not enough to prevent IPv4 address exhaustion and that further changes to IPv4 were needed. By the beginning of 1992, several proposed systems were being circulated and by the end of 1992, the IETF announced a call for white papers and the creation of the "IP, the Next Generation" (IPng Area) of working groups.
IPng was adopted by the Internet Engineering Task Force on July 25, 1994 with the formation of several "IP Next Generation" (IPng) working groups. By 1996, a series of RFCs were released defining IPv6, starting with RFC 2460. (Incidentally, IPv5 was not a successor to IPv4, but an experimental flow-oriented streaming protocol intended to support video and audio.)
It is expected that IPv4 will be supported alongside IPv6 for the foreseeable future. IPv4-only nodes (clients or servers) will not be able to communicate directly with IPv6 nodes, and will need to go through an intermediary; see Transition mechanisms below.
This seminar will present TCP/IP communications starting from Layer 2 up to Layer 4 (TCP/IP applications cover Layers 5-7)
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